Avenida da Liberdade in Lisbon is facing serious air pollution. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels are twice the legal limit. The environmental group Zero will reports poor air quality in Lisbon to the European Commission. This step is necessary to highlight the urgency of the situation and demand action from authorities at both national and European levels.
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Lisbon Air Quality Reports

Zero studied air quality data from 2024. The data came from monitoring stations run by the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-LVT).
The stations measured fine particles (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at Avenida da Liberdade, Entrecampos and Olivais. Avenida da Liberdade showed the worst results and made it a hotspot for dangerous pollution levels.
Association said:
Once again, Av. da Liberdade stands out negatively, presenting twice the concentration permitted in the future for nitrogen dioxide (43 µg/m3), and exceeding the maximum foreseen for fine particles PM10 (permitted by national/European legislation)
Serious Air Pollution Levels
Zero found that Avenida da Liberdade had NO2 levels of 43 µg/m3. This is double the limit planned for the future. The PM10 levels also exceeded the legal limits set by national and European laws.
This pollution poses a danger to public health particularly for children and the elderly. It also includes individuals with pre-existing health conditions like asthma or heart disease.
These findings reflect a broader problem of urban air pollution in Lisbon. The city has struggled to bring pollutant levels under control despite legal frameworks and repeated warnings. High traffic volume and insufficient green spaces contribute significantly to the issue.
Zero has reported similar violations to the European Commission from 2010. The problem has not improved. However there were no reports in 2020 and 2021 because of pandemic.
Association added:
These multiple breaches, as well as the lack of action and the absence of adequate measures to resolve the problem, led Portugal to be accused and convicted of State Failure to Comply with Ambient Air Quality by the European Court of Justice (case C-220/22) in June 2024, in a situation that also involves exceeding the limits at monitoring stations in Porto and Braga
Portugal was found guilty of failing to meet air quality standards. This ruling also included pollution issues in Porto and Braga. The European Court’s decision underscores the need for Portugal to prioritize air quality management.
Pollution Levels Are Not Improving
Zero is concerned that air pollution remains a problem. The data from 2024 shows no improvement over the last three years. Many areas in Lisbon may fail to meet these stricter standards with new European air quality rules coming in 2030. This poses a long term challenge for both public health and urban sustainability.
Zero stated:
The values remain stable, with no clear signs of decrease, despite the recurring non-compliance with legislation and the known impacts on human health, warns the association, calling for concrete and rapid measures to counter this stagnation
The group also warned about the health risks linked to air pollution. These include respiratory and heart diseases. Airborne pollutants can also have economic impacts such as increased healthcare costs and reduced worker productivity. They called for fast action to solve the problem.
The situation reflects a lack of effective policy enforcement and insufficient investment in cleaner infrastructure. The problem is likely to persist without targeted efforts to reduce emissions harming both the environment and the quality of life in Lisbon.
Suggested Solutions
Zero proposed several ways to reduce pollution. One key measure is cutting down private car traffic. Cars are a major source of NO2 and PM10 particles. Reducing car use will improve air quality. It also reduces noise pollution and makes the city more livable.
The group also suggested switching public transport and taxis to electric power. This could reduce emissions and improve air quality. Zero also encouraged cycling and walking as alternatives to car use. Creating more bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly zones could encourage people to adopt these eco-friendly options.
Zero concluded:
The Metropolitan Plans for Sustainable Urban Mobility (PMMUS) will play a crucial role in defining the essential measures for the progressive rationalization of metropolitan transport systems, with the consequent improvement of air quality in the regions where they will be developed
These plans aim to improve public transport and reduce traffic. Zero believes these plans can help lower pollution in urban areas. Proper implementation of PMMUS could transform Lisbon transport network and promote sustainable urban living.
Zero also recommended planting more trees and creating urban green spaces. Trees can absorb pollutants and improve air quality. Green spots offer places to relax and have fun, improving life for the people who live nearby.
The air quality issues in Lisbon highlight a larger problem for many cities in Europe. Avenida da Liberdade’s pollution levels show the need for strong action. Ignoring the problem risks public health and violates legal standards. These issues are not unique to Lisbon and reflect challenges faced by urban areas worldwide.
Zero’s report to the European Commission aims to hold authorities accountable. The group hopes this will lead to better policies and enforcement. Cleaner air in Lisbon will depend on strong measures and cooperation between all stakeholders. This cooperation will also set an example for other cities struggling with similar issues.
Investments in sustainable transport and urban planning are essential. Public transport networks need expansion. Cities should also create more pedestrian zones and support clean energy. These changes can pave the way for long-term improvements in air quality.